The VonFrederick 

Tempus             

April 2008  Volume 5 Issue 4

  Feature Article:

Necrophilia: Criminal Or Deviant Behavior?

Dr. Lionel C.M. von Frederick Rawlins, The VonFrederick Group and Tsuffit Abuhav, MA, Israel University.

Necrophilia is one of the most revolting forms of perversion. There are two major forms of necrophilia – non-sexual necrophilia which is the desire to handle, gaze, or be near corpses, particularly the desire to dismember them (Revitch &Schlesinger, 2001). The other category is sexual necrophilia which is the desire to have sexual intercourse or any kind of sexual contact with a corpse. In many cases, the necrophiliac is labeled as psychotic but the repulsiveness of the act does not pose as big a threat to human lives as other forms pf deviance.

Necrophilia is not a “modern” phenomenon; history illustrates its existence since ancient Egyptian times where deceased wives of men of rank were kept for several days to prevent any indecency from being offered upon their bodies by workers in the embalming rooms. Some studies show the necrophilia theme prevalent in Fairy Tales such as Sleeping Beauty where the Prince awakens the Princess from her ‘sleep’ (death).

Not all necrophiliacs actually perform sexual acts with cadavers. Variations of the magnitude of the acts do exist. Some necrophiliacs become aroused by attending a funeral or by merely viewing a cadaver. Others develop fetishes such as the attraction to the corpse’s nails or hair (Lea & Masters, 1999). Customers in some bordellos request an imitation of death by the prostitute while engaging in perverse sexual practices. 

Some necrophiliacs turn into necrosadists. As children, they start out by executing animals and end up actually killing human beings for sexual pleasure. A parent encountering this behavior in his or her child should not expect it to be outgrown, but should if possible, see to it that the child receive immediate psychoanalytical attention. It is usually during childhood that these fantasies manifest themselves. One necrosadist admitted, “ During the act of masturbation, my imagination transported me to a room full of women, all at my disposal. I would in my mind, torture them in every possible way; I would imagine them as being dead before me and would defile their corpse” (Lea & Masters, 1999). 

The necrophiliac is quite often incapable of making an effective sexual approach to a living person. In most cases, they have a difficult time forming person-to-person relationships. The necrophiliac’s background usually involves deprivation, child abuse, child molestation, and alcohol associated violence. Any normal sexual act, even masturbation, would involve guilt, anger, and sadistic fantasies.

The necrophiliac is usually unaware of his motives, and in his mannerisms, is timid and unassertive. Many times, the necrophiliac’s craving for repulsive ordors, tastes, or sights, psychologically translate to his need to get in touch with aspects of his childhood. This explanation serves to explain the fact that some necrophiliacs do not mind the decomposition state of the excavated body while they perform sexual acts (Reinhardt, 2000).

An explanation for the attraction to necrophilia involves the element of revenge and a desire to humiliate the victims. In 1911, Ernest Jones hypothesized that the act of necrophilia came from a wish to reunite with one’s mother (Reinhardt). Another explanation is where the “helpless victim” becomes a sensual role for the offender because it triggers his curiosity, exploration, and the wish to discover forbidden secrets. In 1953, Hana Segal focused on the aggressive aspect of the behavior and the lack of retaliation from the victim (Lea & Masters). Others involve inadequacy, interpersonal passivity and fear of women. This might explain why most offenders are men. An associative theory I will add is the compensation for physical weakness and insignificance, and the lack of sexual drive and virility, derived through a brutal show of power over the dead.

Necrophiliacs rarely seek treatment. They are either reported by a friend or family member, or arrested. They do not consider their behavior offensive. Also, they do not have any control over their obsession and their actions become compulsory. The excessive pleasure obtained from the act makes it unthinkable for the offender to live without. He is likely to believe that he could not have done otherwise, that he was driven by forces beyond his control, that he did not hurt anyone, therefore is incapable of remorse or guilt. Still in some cases, the offenders see it as a sexual preference that he is entitled to experience, as with the case of one necrophiliac who told a judge, “How would you have it? Everyman to his own taste. Mine is for corpses” (lea & Masters).

What is yours…?

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Terrorism: Implications For Deterrence

Elka Svensson Bjork, M.D., Ph.D, Vice President, The VonFrederick Group

Dealing with the possibility of terrorists using weapons of mass destruction requires some adjustment and reconsideration of the prescriptions that remain applicable to more ordinary and traditional forms of terrorism. Several differences are particularly pertinent.

It is extremely difficult to gauge the efficacy of deterrence in any setting, and assessing its importance in discouraging terrorism is even more difficult. Analytically, deterrence of anything from street crime to biological terrorism may rely on fear of consequences such as prison or execution imposed by governments or on fear of social condemnation. We can say some things about out ability to affect these aspects of deterrence.

Although the harms from a terrorist’s use of weapons of mass destruction may be thousands of times as great as those of traditional terrorism, there is no way that we can greatly increase the severity of the governmentally imposed consequences for individual terrorists; these are about as great as we can make them already. Perhaps we could increase the risk of detection by offering and publicizing very large rewards for reporting (although we already have rewards for Bin Laden et al, that are not very successful), and realistic sanctions for failing to report, information relevant to anyone’s development or acquisition of a weapon of mass destruction.

On the other hand, the severity of sanctions will change in the case of state-sponsored terrorism. We can assume that any nation that considered the possibility of being caught sponsoring nuclear or biological terrorism against the United States would have to anticipate massive retaliation; at least with the current president in power. Is Iran listening? Only in that sense does this aspect of deterrence change with the possibility of terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction.

The other part of deterrence – the sense of widespread condemnation of the behavior – would, should, and must be very different for nuclear or biological weapons. Many relatively familiar forms of terrorism are applauded among the friends and supporters of the terrorists. The sense that this would not be true of a biological weapon may be one of the reasons we have been spared the horror – thus far. The use of biological weapons by a nation is forbidden by a treaty that almost every modern nation has signed, and the condemnation of use is not dependent on ideology or nationality. 

One very important way to use the prospect of world outrage to discourage terrorism with weapons of mass destruction is to make clear how broadly the world community condemns their use. Professor Mathew Meselson of Harvard University has, for example, led in the drafting of a proposed international treaty to make it a crime in every country for someone to develop biological or chemical weapons in any country. The treaty would have intimidating effects in threatening prosecution and conviction, but it would also strengthen and broaden the barrier public rejection poses to any use of such weapons. Until next time…

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No matter what war we’re in, we seem to assume it will be the war to end all wars. We seem to think that once the troops come home they’ll stay here, safe and sound… Woodrow Wilson

A sad commentary on the descendants of America’s “greatest generation” is that with all the technological advancements, too many have not learned a thing. It seems that every generation has its Neville Chamberlains who are supported by pacifist motivated by an overwhelming need to compensate for personal flaws. Today’s liberals ignore the facts of history to feed the need for pious absolution for the sins of white America.

This white liberal guilt was expertly demonstrated by the liberal elitist Phil Donahue during his guest appearance on the April 8th Hannity & Colmes. During the discussion on the Iraq War he avoided specific questions about the horrors perpetrated on mankind by evil tyrants and the need to defeat them. He could only repeat sanctimonious liberal mantra and irrelevant lofty platitudes. Obviously, historical facts are foreign concepts.

What seemed lost to Phil, and his liberal comrades, is that there is truly evil in the world and tyrants rely on the Phil’s of the world to conquer with out a fight. They ignore the fact that America’s freedom and wealth was created and sustained, in part, by the sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of Americans on the battlefield. Or, that America’s primary enemy is Islamic Fascist. They are a patient enemy who has been at war with the U.S. and the West since the Muslim Brotherhood of the 1920’s. An enemy that considers the Phil’s of the world as “useful idiots” in their war against the West.

The horrors of war can not be disputed. But, neither can the horrors of tyrannical domination. War is often unavoidable to preserve freedom, protect prosperity or a society’s way of life. Any student of history knows that peace is just a period of time between wars that are often continuations of previous wars, or fought to settle old disputes. 

History provides one example after another. Take the Franco-Prussian War 1870, fought between France and Germany. It was the culmination of years of tension that were deeply rooted in the balance of power after the Napoleonic Wars. Many historians agree that the Franco Prussian War was just a continuation of the Napoleonic Wars and sowed the seeds for WWI. 

While the cause of WWI is complex, a major contribution was the tensions between combatants of previous conflicts. Briefly, in 1894, France and Russia signed an alliance due to the common fear of Germany. England joined the alliance a few years later due to a fear of the growing German Navy. Germany allied with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, who were fearful of Russia’s interference in the Balkans. Of course the spark was the assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand.

The treaties ending WWI did not resolve the tensions between the nations. The world would see the rise of Hitler, Stalin and Hirohito, who were interested in building empires and reclaiming territory lost. For example, the territory of Alsace-Lorraine that became a part of Germany in 1871 was returned to France as part of the treaty ending WWI. Hitler would use the return of Alsace-Lorraine as one reason to promote hostilities with France. The continued tensions and many unsettled issues of WWI, along with the desire to expand empires and access resources, led to WWII. The unsettled business of WWII led to the conflicts in Korea and Vietnam. Then more than 75 years after the Middle East’s borders were arbitrary created at the end of WWI and 40 years after the Middle East mandates were established at the end of WWII, the unsettled business contributed to the Persian Gulf War. The unfinished business of the Persian Gulf War led to the War on Terror, its central battlefield in Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. 

All lost on liberals. Wilson’s disciple, Phil Donahue demonstrated democrat ignorance or denial of history and exemplified the total fraud of liberalism. Liberal democrats need to care for America as much as they do their self perceived elite piety, or overcome their obsessed hatred of President Bush, long enough to join the war against Islamic Fascist. American conservatives are not the only targets. Our enemy sees liberal Americans as the enemy and not benevolent supporters. Ask the survivors of Nicolas Berg, Tom Fox or Margaret Hassan. Liberals need to desist with the rhetoric of weakness and join the fray against Islamic Fascist. Then we can resume our petty political bickering. 

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The last contenders to the American throne have vowed to lower our dependency from fossil fuel and our contribution to the green house effect. Mrs Clinton would bring 55 mpg cars to us by 2030 and would spend $50 billion in alternative fuel research. Obama would dedicate $150 billion for the next decade. McCain claims that he would focus on other “exotic” fuels and nuclear power. Let’s throw more of our money for things that are already out there, viable or not! 

Do you know that a basic European Fiat Punto Turbo diesel gets 50 mpg compared to 53 mpg with a Prius that cost about twice as much? Do you know that new diesel runs cleaner than gasoline and that a European green car is a turbo diesel car? Do you know that American automakers commonly get 30 to 50 mpg on their European models? 

Take FSAF for example. The American giant in Europe is known for its Ka, C-max, S-max, or Tourneo that average 40 mpg, and also run on Flexifuel that lowers emissions by 70%. FSAF has even imposed itself as the Green champion of the automakers, touting innovations since 2001. Flexifuel, a mixture of ethanol (85%) and any grade gasoline (15%), has been so widely adopted all over Europe that FSAF had a couple of their cars go from Bodo (Norway) to Paris (France….why do I have to say that?) via Stockholm and Copenhagen (just figure it out!) using the existing Flexifuel-providing gas station infrastructure. Another US giant, Opel, has a revolutionary working hybrid car for 2010. The Flextreme system, or E-flex, is a car that is 100% powered by an electric engine. The batteries are charged by a 1.3-liter turbo diesel engine that only starts when they are low. In this case, emissions again are lowered to incredible low levels. 

We already have the technology but will let Washington or Detroit waste billions in biofuels that are going to change our agricultural landscape, contribute to more deforestation across the world and therefore increase the Green house effect (i.e. Oil from Palm tree: forests in Indonesia harvested for the 25ct/gal B100 biodiesel). We have the exotic power but wrongly focus on hybrid cars. When the technology will become cheaper and most of the car on the roads will indeed be hybrids, what is going to happen to the batteries? A typical lead battery is made of 3 pounds of plastic, 1 gal of sulfuric acid, and 21 pounds of lead that mother earth has a hard time digesting. I know! We will ship them to deforested China, Africa, India or Bangladesh….along with our E-trash, anywhere but in our backyard!

 Stop driving main battle tanks and tell automakers to sell here and now what they build for Europe…that will do it for a while! Also, change your driving habits and save gas to lower both consumption and prices. Just do the right thing!

Nota: FSAF stands for Ford SAF (Societe Anonyme Francaise) and Opel is GM!

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Tempus Virtuous

(good), adj., morally excellent, kind, beneficent, honorable or worthy

I love water. When my thirst needs quenching, an ice cold bottle of water will do the trick. On warm days, I also enjoy swimming and Southern California is the mega capital of crystal clear swimming pools – even with the Pacific Ocean a few miles away! I take my fresh clean water from my kitchen faucet for granted as I dice and slice vegetables for a chicken soup. However, I also realize the lack of clean water sources is the number one killer among children and women around the world. 

Breaking news! The once atheist, or is he agnostic these days? US billionaire, Ted Turner, founder of the 24-hour news program, CNN, has recently contributed $100 million dollars to three USA faith-based communities. His reasons he reports are that these three Protestant communities have withstood the winds of time, civil wars, and governmental threats for decades, and have unfailingly continued in providing the education and training of maintaining clean water sources world wide. 

Turner is an example of “it takes only one person to change the life of one other person.” Unlike Turner, you don’t need to be wealthy. It costs US $1 to be a card carrying member of ONE.org. My $1 dollar among the million other $1 contributors are in the same league with Ted Turner’s millions as $.94 cents to every dollar (based on ELCA.org data) goes directly for the education and maintenance of clean water resources. In addition, ONE.org also includes eradicating malaria, bringing an end to poverty, and educating HIV/AIDS awareness.

I also wear the ONE.org plastic wrist band. When I am asked about the wrist band I reply, “Google the rock star Bono,” and then be prepared to scroll down a long list of other famous names and familiar global organizations that affiliate themselves under the ONE umbrella. Also, you will be educating yourself to a phenomenal humanitarian effort. 

ONE white bracelet. The white represents no color, since the participants and contributors don’t represent global boundaries. There is no specially embossed lingo or motto on the bracelet such as on the yellow ”Live Strong” for Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong’s support in research for testicular cancer or the pink wrist band, “Racing for the Cure,” to find a cure for breast cancer. Both are of great importance. ONE is far more reaching, globally. It only takes one person to make one other person’s life better. ONE.org. is about education and not proselytizing, nor is it a band aide for a quick fix. It is about volunteers, paying for their own travel, room and board, and providing sweat equity and support through teaching and demonstrating how to create and maintain clean water resources; eradicating malaria, getting a foot hold on poverty, empowering women with cottage industries, and creating global partnership and development. One.org has done its research in geo-political hot spots, and regardless, the need to touch the life of one person, one to one is relevant. 

Two years ago I journeyed into the second poorest country in the world, based on many demographical and geo-political factors. In spite of the poverty, I found a society of diversity, and social conscience buttressed with dignity. In spite of the richness of fresh fruits in the rainforest, I was astounded their number one killer was a lack of quality water resources. It was an eye opener for me who can simply go to my indoor kitchen and turn on a tap for clean water and instantly drink it. Lack of poor water resources around the world IS the number one killer of women and children. In this developing country I witnessed several faith-based projects in place already making a difference: teaching organic coffee growing, and guiding the growers how filter the toxic pulp mill water away from their cleaner water sources. Allow yourself to consider becoming a card-carrying, wrist-bearing ONE.org member. Consider yourself fit as a person of kindness. It on takes $1.

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Did You Know?   

• That the Se Cathedral in Goa Velha, India, began in 1562 and took around 80 years to complete and is the largest Christian church in Asia

• That India’s constitution recognizes 22 different languages and the country has 14 official languages, Hindi being primary

• That the exquisitely beautiful national bird of India, the Indian Blue Peacock, actually belongs to the pheasant family

• That Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India is the one of the world’s most populous cities with an estimated population of 12.8 million residents

• That that about 48% of the adult female population of India can read and write compared to just over 70% of the male population (2003 estimates)

The Indian flag is divided into three equal horizontal bands. The top is saffron (a light orange), white with a blue chakra, or Ashoka Wheel, centered in the white band and the bottom panel is green. There is no universally agreed upon significance to the colors.

Sir James Dewar 

James Dewar

1842 - 1923

Born in Scotland, James Dewar was the youngest of six boys and was orphaned at the age of 15. A chemist and physicist educated at the University of Edinburgh he became, among other things, a professor at Cambridge University. Dewar developed a process for producing large quantities of liquid oxygen, was co-inventor of cordite- a smokeless explosive which proved very valuable in WWI, and he discovered a new processes for creating vacuums which was useful in atomic physics. Dewar also developed the Dewar vacuum flask which is the basis for the common Thermos bottles we use today.

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How To Save Yourself If You Are Having A Heart Attack

	Chew aspirin. As soon as you suspect a heart attack, thoroughly chew and swallow one 325-mg aspirin tablet, or four 8-mg baby aspirins. For best effect, do not swallow the aspirin whole. Heart attacks occur when the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle become clogged. Aspirin will not stop the heart attack or remove the blockage, but it will prevent blood clotting cells (platelets) from adding to the blockage.
	Alert others. If possible, tell people around you that you are having a heart attack. Instruct them to call emergency services.
	Decrease the heart’s oxygen consumption. Stop all activity. The faster you heart pumps, the more oxygen it uses up. Think calming thoughts about brining your heart rate down to one beat per second. If you have a watch with a second hand, focus on the second hand. For each second think or say quietly “heart-beat.” Repeat.
	Increase oxygen delivery to the heart. Lie down on the ground. Elevate your legs to keep as much blood pooled around your heart as possible; this will decrease the work your heart must do to pump blood. Open the windows to increase the room’s oxygen level. If you have access to an oxygen tank, place the nasal cannula under your nose, turn the knob to 4 liters (or until you feel air coming through the nasal prongs), and take deep, slow breaths through your nose and out your mouth.
	Perform cough-CPR Breathe, then cough every three seconds. Take a breath in through your nose, think “heart-beat, heart-beat, heart-beat,” then cough. Repeat. Coughing will deter fainting and help you stay conscious until conventional CPR can be administered

Be Aware

Do not consume food or water. You may need a hospital procedure to “unclog” your arteries, and food or liquids in your system complicate treatment.

(Piven and Borgenicht) 

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